what is barcode... 1D Barcode?Principle, Encoding Rule & how many type?

1D Barcode
Barcode History
The barcode history start at began of 1948. With Bernard Silver, a graduate student at Drexel Institute of Technology in Philadelphia, the president of a local food chain asking one of the deans to undertake research to develop a system to automatically read product information during checkout. Silver told his friend Norman Joseph Woodland about the food chain president's request. The problem fascinated Woodland and he began to work on the problem. Resolving the issue start with perforate card like catalog system and management warehouse.

Barcode Principle
All bar code scanners work on the same basic principle. The scanner shines light onto the bar code, and then reads the light and dark spaces reflected back into the lens. Scanners vary according to light source and scanning technology, as well as size and portability.

Barcode Encoding Rule
There are many different bar code symbologies, or languages. Each symbology has its own rules for encoding characters (e.g., letter, number, punctuation), printing, decoding requirements, and error checking. Bar code symbologies differ both in the way they represent data and in the type of data they can encode: some encode numbers; others encode numbers, letters, and a few punctuation characters; still others offer encodation of the 128 or 256 ASCII character sets. Recently unveiled symbologies include options to encode characters in any language as well as specialized data types.

Barcode Types
Linear barcodes
Symbology Cont/Disc Two/Many Uses
Plessey
Continuous
Two
Catalogs, store shelves, inventory
U.P.C.
Continuous
Many
Worldwide retail, GS1 approved
Codabar
Discrete
Two
Old format used in libraries, blood banks, airbills
Code 25 – Non-interleaved 2 of 5
Continuous
Two
Industrial ( NO )
Code 25 – Interleaved 2 of 5
Continuous
Two
Wholesale, Libraries ( NO )
Code 39
Discrete
Two
Various
Code 93
Continuous
Many
Various
Code 128
Continuous
Many
Various
Code 128A
Continuous
Many
Various
Code 128B
Continuous
Many
Various
Code 128C
Continuous
Many
Various
Code 11
Discrete
Two
Telephones
CPC Binary
Discrete
Two
Post office
DUN 14
Continuous
Many
Various
EAN 2
Many
Addon code (Magazines), GS1 approved
v
Continuous
Many
Addon code (Books), GS1 approved
EAN 8 , EAN 13
Continuous
Many
Worldwide retail, GS1 approved
GS1-128 (formerly known as UCC/EAN-128), incorrectly referenced as EAN 128 and UCC 128
Continuous
Many
Various, GS1 approved
GS1 DataBar formerly Reduced Space Symbology (RSS)
Continuous
Many
Various, GS1 approved
ITF-14
Continuous
Many
Non-retail packaging levels, GS1 approved
Latent image barcode
Neither
Tall/short
Color print film
Pharmacode
Neither
Two
Pharmaceutical Packaging
PLANET
Continuous
Tall/short
United States Postal Service
POSTNET
Continuous
Tall/short
United States Postal Service
OneCode
Continuous
Tall/short
United States Postal Service, replaces POSTNET and PLANET symbols
MSI
Continuous
Two
Used for warehouse shelves and inventory
PostBar
Discrete
Many
Post office
RM4SCC / KIX
Continuous
Tall/short
Royal Mail / Royal TPG Post
Telepen
Continuous
Two
Libraries, etc (UK)
2D Barcodes
Symbology Notes
3-DI
Developed by Lynn Ltd.
ArrayTag
From ArrayTech Systems.
Aztec Code
Designed by Andrew Longacre at Welch Allyn (now Hand Held Products). Public domain.
Small Aztec Code
Space-saving version of Aztec code.
bCODE
An SMS text code sent to mobile devices and read photographically.
Bullseye
The barcode tested in a Kroger store in Cincinnati. It used concentric bars.
Chromatic Alphabet
an artistic proposal; uses 26 different color hue.
Chromocode
uses black, white, and 4 saturated colors.
Codablock
Stacked 1D barcodes.
Code 1
Public domain.
Code 16K
Based on 1D Code 128.
Code 49
Stacked 1D barcodes from Intermec Corp.
ColorCode
ColorZip developed colour barcodes that can be read by camera phones from TV screens; mainly used in Korea.
CP Code
From CP Tron, Inc.
d-touch
readable when printed on deformable gloves and stretched and distorted.
DataGlyphs
From Palo Alto Research Center (also known as Xerox PARC).
Datamatrix
Believed to be public domain, but this status is being challenged.


Dot Code A Designed for the unique identification of items.
EZcode Designed for decoding by cameraphones.
High Capacity Color Barcode Developed by Microsoft ; licensed by ISAN-IA .
HueCode From Robot Design Associates. Uses greyscale or colour.
INTACTA.CODE From INTACTA Technologies, Inc.
InterCode The standard 2D barcode in South Korea. All 3 South Korean mobile carriers put the scanner program of this code into their handsets to access mobile internet, as a default embedded program.
MaxiCode Used by United Parcel Service . Now Public Domain
mCode Developed by Nextcode Corporation specifically for camera phone scanning applications. Designed to enable advanced cell mobile applications with standard camera phones.
MiniCode From Omniplanar, Inc.
PDF417 Originated by Symbol Technologies Public Domain. The most common 2D barcode [ citation needed ] .
Micro PDF417 Facilitates codes too small to be used in PDF417.
PDMark Developer by Ardaco .
PaperDisk High density code — used both for data heavy applications (10K-1 MB) and camera phones (50+ bits). Developed and patented by Cobblestone Software
Optar
Developed by Twibright Labs and published as free software. Aims at maximum data storage density, for storing data on paper. 200kB per A4 page with laser printer.
QR Code Developed, patented and owned by TOYOTA subsidiary Denso Wave initially for car parts management. Now public domain. Can encode Japanese Kanji and Kana characters, music, images, URLs, emails. De-facto standard for Japanese cell phones.
Semacode
A Data Matrix code used to encode URLs for applications using cellular phones with cameras .
SmartCode From InfoImaging Technologies.
Snowflake Code From Marconi Data Systems, Inc.
ShotCode Circular barcodes for camera phones by OP3. Originally from High Energy Magic Ltd in name Spotcode. Before that probably known as TRIPCode.
SuperCode Public domain.
Trillcode From Lark Computers. Designed to work with mobile devices camera or webcam PC. Can encode a variety of "actions".
UltraCode Black-and-white & colour versions. Public domain. Invented by Jeffrey Kaufman and Clive Hohberger.
UnisCode also called "Beijing U Code"; a colour 2D barcode developed by Chinese company UNIS
VeriCode , VSCode From Veritec, Inc.
WaterCode High-density 2D Barcode(440 Bytes/cm 2 ) From MarkAny Inc.

Barcode encoding rule and Barcode Rule Sorts

EAN A European Article Number (EAN) is a barcoding standard which is a superset of the original 12-digit Universal Product Code (UPC) system developed in North America . The EAN-13 barcode is defined by the standards organisation GS1 . It is also called a Japanese Article Number (JAN) in Japan . UPC, EAN, and JAN numbers are collectively called Global Trade Item Numbers (GTIN), though they can be expressed in different types of barcodes .
The EAN-13 barcodes are used worldwide for marking retail goods. The less commonly used EAN-8 barcodes are used also for marking retail goods; however, they are usually reserved for smaller items, for example confectionery .

UPC
The UPC encodes 12 decimal digits as SLLLLLLMRRRRRRE, where S (start) and E (end) are the bit pattern 101, M (middle) is the bit pattern 01010 (called guard bars), and each L (left) and R (right) are digits, each one represented by a seven-bit code. This is a total of 95 bits. The bit pattern for each numeral is designed to be as little like the others as possible, and to have no more than four 1s or 0s in order. Both are for reliability in scanning.


Code 39
Code 39 (also known as "USS Code 39", "Code 3/9", "Code 3 of 9", "USD-3", "Alpha39", "Type 39") is a barcode symbology that can encode uppercase letters (A through Z), digits (0 through 9) and a handful of special characters like the $ sign. The barcode itself does not contain a check digit (in contrast to—for instance— Code 128 ), but it can be considered self-checking by some, on the grounds that a single erroneously interpreted bar cannot generate another valid character. Possibly the most serious drawback of Code 39 is its low data density: It requires more space to encode data in Code 39 than, for example, in Code 128. This means that very small goods cannot be labeled with a Code 39 based barcode. However, Code 39 is still widely used and can be decoded with virtually any barcode reader .


Code128
Code 128 is a very high-density barcode symbology, used extensively world wide in shipping and packaging industries. GS1-128 (formerly known as UCC/EAN-128) is one of its variants. It is used for alphanumeric or numeric-only barcodes . It can encode all 128 characters of ASCII and is also capable of encoding two numbers into one character width, called double density. This feature is evidence of it being designed to reduce the amount of space the bar code occupies, to address the ever-increasing needs of item catalogs. Each printed character can have one of three different meanings, depending on which of three different character sets are employed. Code 128 is the major component of the labeling standard for GS1-128 (formerly known as UCC/EAN-128) , used as product identification for container and pallet levels of retail markets.


Interleaved 2-of-5 ( I2 of 5 )
Interleaved 2 of 5 is a continuous two-width barcode symbology encoding digits . It is used commercially on 135 film and on cartons of products, while the products inside are labeled with UPC or EAN . I2/5 encodes pairs of digits; the first digit is encoded in the five bars ("black lines"), while the second digit is encoded in the five spaces interleaved with them ("white lines").


Codabar
Codabar is a linear barcode symbology developed in 1972 by Pitney Bowes Corp. It is also known as Codeabar, Ames Code, NW-7, Monarch, Code 2 of 7, Rationalized Codabar, ANSI/AIM BC3-1995 or USD-4. Because Codabar is self-checking, most standards do not define a check digit . The variants of Codabar in commercial and public use will sometimes define a proprietary check digit. For instance in an all-numeric string, the check digit algorithm might double the odd digits, take modulo 9, sum the results with the even digits, and represent the total in modulo 10.